The Trophic Structure of Coral Reef Fish Assemblages:"trophic Spectra" as Indicators of Human Disturbances
نویسندگان
چکیده
Ecosystem indicators were investigated through the study of the trophic structure of reef fish assemblages, in separate coral reef ecosystems of the south-west lagoon of New Caledonia. In a first step, a fractional trophic level was assigned for each fish species. Abundances profiles along trophic levels were subsequently plotted in order to search for trophic changes under various level of fishing pressure and urban influence. The comparison of these "trophic spectra" revealed that herbivores and predators of benthic invertebrates dominate the reef fish assemblages of the barrier reef, when omnivorous fishes and zooplankton feeders dominate on the fringing reefs of the bays. Trophic spectra also indicated changes in the trophic structure of reef fish assemblages following the embayment degree, and for various levels of fishing pressure. Such an approach seems to take advantage of detecting changes in the structure of fish assemblages in response to anthropogenic disturbances. STRUCTURE TROPHIQUE DES ASSEMBLAGES DE POISSONS RECIFAUX : UTILISATION DES SPECTRES TROPHIQUES COMME INDICATEURS DE PERTURBATIONS ANTHROPIQUES Mots-clés : récifs coralliens, niveaux trophiques, eutrophisation, pêche Résumé : Des indicateurs écosystémiques ont été recherchés à travers l'étude de la structure trophique de l'ichtyofaune récifale dans différents systèmes coralliens du lagon sud-ouest de Nouvelle-Calédonie. Dans un premier temps, un niveau trophique fractionnel a été attribué à chaque espèce de poisson. Des profils d'abondance des poissons par niveau trophique ont ensuite été tracés dans le but de rechercher des modifications dans la structure trophique des peuplements soumis à une pression de pêche et une influence urbaine d’intensités différentes. La comparaison de ces "spectres trophiques" a fait apparaître une domination en abondance des poissons herbivores et des prédateurs d'invertébrés benthiques sur la barrière récifale, alors que le récif frangeant des baies se caractérise par une domination des poissons omnivores et zooplanctonophages. En faisant apparaître des singularités dans la structure trophique de l'ichtyofaune des baies selon le degré de confinement, et pour différentes pressions de pêche sur le récif barrière, ces "spectres trophiques" semblent capables de détecter des modifications de la structure des peuplements en réponse à des perturbations anthropiques.
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